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Among all the sectors, the hospitality and tourism sector has been detrimentally affected by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to determine how changes have been experienced specifically in the Turkish tourism higher education and tourism sector. Twenty-seven academics from the hospitality and tourism education departments were interviewed. Most agreed that restrictions have limited student access to hands-on practical courses and internships, which are crucial to developing necessary competencies. Moreover, the results showed the curriculum does not always meet the needs of the hospitality industry for a trained and skilled workforce. The challenge is to decide what else should be taught and what methods and teaching approaches should be used. As a result, industry-academia cooperation is necessary to reassess the curriculum programs to meet sector needs considering the pandemic impacts.

Class phenomena have primary significance for the diagnosis and intervention at both an individual and a whole-class level for school psychologists. Trying to bring undergraduate psychology students closer to class and teaching, a learning experience based on an adaptation of Lesson Study, a professional development method for teachers, was designed and evaluated with a group of undergraduate psychology students attending two preparatory and consecutive courses for professional performance in educational environments. Students made participants observations of classes they attended, participated in collaborative reflection with their teachers, and issued a report. Meetings were transcribed, conforming, altogether with their written reports 12 texts, analyzed using thematic analysis. Four primary themes were generated concerning benefits, difficulties, perceived learning facilitators and this experience's contribution to professionalization. The results stress a favorable self-perceived effect in students' comprehension of the class and the teaching, backed up by an internship experience. Additionally, content expressing empathy toward teachers and an increased perceived self-knowledge as students was reported. Having a previous experience with the method within the first course and a part time internship in the second course, along with the profile of the second course and its emphasis on procedural content, seemed to foster these outcomes.

Background: The recruitment of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) has been an ongoing effort for specialized libraries and library programs, especially as they try to fill technical roles while combatting internalized biases and candidates' potential self-deselection by not applying or otherwise removing themselves from the recruitment process. Introduction: This case study examines the recruitment efforts of the National Center for Data Services (NCDS) for a paid internship program for BIPOC graduate students interested in data librarianship in health sciences settings. Methods: To enhance recruitment efforts and support applicants, NCDS met with consultants on equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility. The recruitment process included reaching out directly to graduate programs, hiring an independent application coach who was available to consult with anyone interested in applying, holding informational sessions about the internship opportunity, and limiting the required components of the application, which included removing the need for letters of recommendation or support. Results: Although the target group was a very small pool of Library and Information Science (LIS) BIPOC students interested in medical and data librarianship, we received applications from all United States (U.S.) racial groups, except Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The recruitment efforts led to 38 applications for 8 positions in 2022 and 59 applications for 12 positions in 2023. Conclusions: The resultant number of applications showed an interest and need for specialty programs for BIPOC LIS students and highlighted how recruitment methods impact participation in specialized programs. Further research is necessary to assess the impact of various recruitment styles for this target group and the impact of these recruitment methods.

The transition from high school to university can be difficult and stressful for many students who are not sure of how to be successful in their courses and become engaged in extracurricular activities beyond the classroom. This paper describes the design and outcomes of the Preparation for Academic Success in Science (PASS) transition program in the Faculty of Science at the University of Windsor, a mid-sized university in Ontario, Canada. The two-day PASS program, offered in the week before fall classes begin, is designed to introduce incoming students to effective study habits, note taking, and preparation for examinations. Moreover, students are advised on how to get involved in undergraduate research, study abroad, service learning, internships, and student organizations, while balancing their time, health and wellness. Results from PASS cohorts between 2017 and 2019 suggest that students who participated in the PASS program had higher major and overall averages in their first and subsequent years, and significantly greater engagement in extracurricular activities compared to the (control group) students who did not participate in the transition program. PASS is presented as an effective transition program, but it is argued that further study is required to determine how academic performance and engagement are related to the intentionality of the student when they start university, and the importance of the program to building community and a sense of belonging.

It is our source and it is irreversible. With industrialization, the time people spend at work has decreased, and their free time has increased. This has led people to look for new ways to spend their free time productively. At this point, graduates of the recreation department will have the opportunity to show the methods that will be useful for people to spend their free time efficiently in line with the education they receive. Since graduates are thought to be employed in organizations that provide leisure time services, the qualifications of graduates are important in this regard. In this study, the expectations of the employers from the graduates and the required qualifications of the graduates were investigated. One issue drawn from the results is that although each branch has specific expectations, all graduates must have certain qualifications, such as communication and constructive language skills.

Faculty encourage students to participate in internships to gain major-specific knowledge and make contacts in their field. Internships are becoming more popular with students over the past 5 years, with an uptick in the number of students who participate in this kind of experiential learning. While students do learn technical training in an internship they also have the ability to experience, practice and hone soft skills. Soft skills are skills such as communication, teamwork, leadership, and problem solving. These skills are the skills employers are seeking above and beyond technical skills. When the goal in internships becomes not only helping students focus on their intended field of study, but also learning the soft skills requested by employers, the internships benefit students in a multitude of ways. The question becomes how does the academic environment structure an internship to ascertain that students are learning the soft skills as well as the technical skills needed to succeed? This paper focuses on internships and their benefits to students in both a technical and soft skill aspect as well as assignments and measuring tools used in internship classes to instill and assess the internship.

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges that threatened the quality and rigor of school administration internships. A survey administered to school interns in a principal preparation program at a large comprehensive university in the southeastern part of the United States revealed a huge difference in experiences and support that students received, based upon differences in existing school infrastructure and their supervising principal. The pandemic necessitated the principal preparation program adapt some internship requirements. The number of hours required to complete the internship was reduced. The building of authentic relationships with students became a greater priority. Finally, more flexibility was allowed to ensure student success in completing the internship. There is a dearth of research that investigates experiences of interns in principal preparation programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study potentially enhances the current body of research.

In response to increasing demand for intercultural competency in global work environments, universities in the United States have expanded opportunities for study and internship abroad. However, there is comparatively little research on the program design for internship abroad programs and how it affects intercultural competency. This study presents a new curriculum model for the internship abroad called Live-Learn-Work (LLW) and evaluates its effects on the cultural intelligence (CQ) of undergraduate student participants in three different settings: Seoul, South Korea; Amsterdam, Netherlands; and Lima, Peru. The design of LLW is unique in that it integrates a theoretical framework from Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) with a measure of cultural competency, the cultural intelligence scale (CQS), and provides a holistic approach to the internship abroad. Utilizing a pre- and post-test design, this study analyzed the effect of each program on the four subscales of CQ (cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and behavioral), and discussed their interrelations. The study concluded that the program design had a statistically significant positive effect on cultural intelligence, but that this effect was uneven across CQ subscales and programs. These results point to the need for further research on the relationships among CQ dimensions.

Background: The shadowing house officer is an experiential learning activity that usually takes place within the final year clinical rotations of medical undergraduates. An exposure to a surgical intern is especially useful as the work extends to more practical aspects of ward work. Objective: We assessed the impact of the shadowing house officer experience during medical student clinical rotation on the surgical internship and to evaluate the challenges of the shadowing period. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 108 surgical intern doctors in Sri Lanka via electronic media in 2023. Results: Our study population consisted of 108 interns, with a response rate of 43.2%. This study demonstrates that on average a final year medical student undergoes a 4-day shadowing period in surgery which was considered by a majority to help in smooth transition to internship. 56% had a clear understanding about learning outcomes and less than half has had an induction session prior to commencement of shadowing. Official documentation, routine ward work, team work and communication skills were meaningfully experienced during shadowing. The main criticisms were inadequate breaks leading to exhaustion and missing out on important teaching activities. Another major concern was shadowing close to the final examination. Conclusions: Surgical shadowing house officer is an authentic work experience that intern doctors consider as important component in orientating the role of an intern. Introduction of shadowing at an earlier stage would be more beneficial and provide a broader view about the clinical set up to undergraduates.

This paper reports on the results of a study of 6,654 unique students on the type of research-related activities (e.g., undergraduate research and internships) they participated in while at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). Results indicate that the odds of graduating for students who participated in research-related activities were almost twice those of students who did not participate in research-related activities. These results differ from and complement studies on the impact of undergraduate research at liberal arts colleges and research-intensive universities. Study results indicate that non-first-generation students, non-low-income students, and non-underrepresented minority (non-URM) students were more likely to participate in research. Participation in internships with industry and with a professional were most predictive of graduation. Students who participated in multiple research-related activities were also more likely to graduate than those who participated in fewer activities; results indicate research participation is equally beneficial across groups with different demographic characteristics including major, sex, first generation and URM status.

Teaching practice internships provide opportunities for pre-service teachers (PSTs) to enact their knowledge in real classroom settings. This paper investigated PSTs' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) about electrostatics, its translation into practice and factors that affect the translation. The refined consensus model (RCM) of PCK served as theoretical framework. Guided by the RCM, two manifestations of enacted PCK (ePCK) focusing on lesson planning (ePCKP) and teaching (ePCKT) were investigated. Data reflecting ePCKP was collected using content representations (CoRe) tools and lesson planning forms. Data reflecting the ePCKT was explored using classroom observations. The components of the grand PCK rubric served as the analytical framework. These are teacher knowledge and skills related to (i) curricular saliency, (ii) learners' understanding of concepts, and (iii) conceptual teaching strategies including representations. These components were used to analyze the manifestations of ePCK before they were compared. Components that revealed variations between ePCKP and ePCKT were used to formulate interview questions to elicit the pedagogical factors that affected the translation of the PCK into practice. The results revealed multiple instances where there were misalignments between ePCKP and ePCKT. The misalignments were ascribed to the following pedagogical factors: interactions with learners, the involvement of mentor teachers, reflections, management of time for teaching concepts, and teacher efficacy. The results have implications for PST education and mentorship during teaching practice internships.

In the field of sport management, students are often taught the importance of networking with professionals in the industry as they progress through their degrees, in order to enhance employment opportunities. Prior research has indicated that within the sport industry, professionals often hire individuals whom they have connected with on a personal level in the past. Although networking is an important aspect in the field of sport management, there are certainly other elements of career development that can enhance student preparation for their future careers in the industry. With this in mind, the authors developed a career authoring assignment to assist sport management majors in combining various aspects of career development, resulting in a multilayered, semester-long project. The four steps of the assignment include: (1) an autobiography; (2) an informational interview; (3) an educational unit addressing resumes, cover letters, the job interview process, and best practices with LinkedIn, culminating with the development of each document or profile; and (4) an individual meeting with the instructor. Students who completed the four-step assignment consistently identified its role in clarifying their future career desires, growing their network, and gaining confidence in speaking with high-level administrators.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of the reflective practice of business students on how it helps to develop their employability skills through various university strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study employed a simple random sample to select undergraduate level 400 students from the Universities under study (the University of Ghana, University of Professional Studies Ghana, Lancaster University Ghana and Webster University Ghana). Only final-year students with an informed judgement on the reflective practice and various institutional practices to acquire graduate employability skills were participated. The independent variables of the study are institutional strategies (curriculum design, extra curriculum, work-integrated learning, career development centre, university collaboration with the industry, student engagement, internship job placement), the moderator is the reflective practice and the dependent variable of the study is graduate employability. Findings: The study found that the moderation role of reflective practice had a significant effect on institutional strategies (extracurriculum, career development centre, university collaboration with the industry, student engagement and internship job placement) and graduate employability. Research limitations/implications: The study was limited to only undergraduate business students from four universities ignoring other disciplines and postgraduate students. Practical implications: The practical implication is that reflective practice must be an integral tool for various universities if they want students to use their strategies to sharpen their employability skills. Social implications: The social implications of the study emphasise the reflective practice of graduate students in universities. This implies that firms and other institutions must consider reflective practice for the maximum output of their employees. Originality/value: The concept of employability is a bit complex as it concerns many stakeholders of the educational process; the students, academic staff, employers, policymakers and higher education; the private sector; and the government. Although examining students' employability development skills is of great importance, students' reflective practice tends to be overlooked in most studies. Therefore, the focus of this study examines how the reflective practice of graduate students promotes employability through the various university strategies, which had not been considered.

This paper discusses the organization of students' internship in new circumstances caused by COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of the research is on the IT companies in eastern part of Croatia and their perspective on how they managed students' internship during and after the lockdown. Some of these IT companies successfully cooperate with the Department of Information Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Osijek. Since 2015 the Department enrolls students in graduate study of Information Technology track. From that time students used to do their internship and later find employment in IT companies in the region. The well based cooperation with local IT companies was interrupted in 2020 by the COVID-19 lockdown and semi-lockdown. In such a situation, teachers and IT companies' managers have been trying to find out the proper ways in which students could fulfill their tasks via online or hybrid mode. To learn more about the experience from the perspective of IT companies, we interviewed 18 of them. The paper points out the observed advantages and disadvantages as well as suggestions for setting a framework for future internship programs. Employers are thinking about continuing to perform online or hybrid internships, and it is clear to them that one of the answers is well defined and regulated model of internships in the online environment.

Previous scholarship has signaled the potential of practitioner inquiry for fostering an inquiry stance among teacher candidates during preservice teacher education. Little is known, however, about the relationships teacher candidates assume vis-à-vis knowledge construction -- a core dimension of inquiry stance -- as they inquire. The study reported in this article investigated the perceptions of the relationship between inquiry and knowledge construction exhibited by teacher candidates engaged in practitioner inquiry during yearlong internships in a clinically based teacher education program. Semi-structured interviews served as the study's primary data source and were analyzed through theory-led thematic analysis. The analysis yielded a six-point continuum of perceptions ranging from viewing inquiry as a required project to viewing inquiry as a way to assert ownership over generating worthwhile knowledge of teaching. The findings suggest that having a deeper understanding of how teacher candidates experience their own knowledge generation as they inquire could assist teacher educators in cultivating their inquiry stances.

Grounded in career construction theory, we proposed that proactive personality (a disposition that drives people to focus on the future) influences career adaptability (the attitudes and behaviours that people use to adapt to work), which in turn influences career exploration (purposive cognition and behaviour to seek information for self-career advancement). However, psychological safety as a boundary condition may affect career adaptability's relation to career exploration. Hence, this study examined whether students' psychological safety moderates career adaptability's mediating effect on the relationship between proactive personality and career exploration. A total of 288 students who completed internships at Taiwanese sports centres or fitness clubs participated in this research. The results indicate that interns' psychological safety, functioning as a moderator, intensifies proactive personality's indirect effect on career exploration through career adaptability. The implications of this finding for students' career counselling are discussed.

Internships are widely recognized within higher education as a useful work-based learning (WBL) approach to enhance student employability. However, there remains a need to understand whether internships provide a developmental experience that includes higher-level (soft) skills such as self-responsibility, flexibility and innovation. Our study inductively analyses 154 undergraduate student-interns' reflective diaries over a 3-year period to explore the relationship between internship experience and the development of higher-level skills, or protean "meta-competencies." In the research, we find the interns' developed three meta-competencies that can broadly be categorized as "self-regulation," "self-awareness" and "self-direction." Our findings also highlight the role of socio-political dynamics of internship work in shaping students' experiences as an indicator of the changing world of work. The study has implications for higher education institutions (HEIs) and host organisations in adopting a WBL approach that supports interns with reflexive engagement with situated organizational practices and accessing (in)formal learning opportunities in the workplace. Our research, therefore, offers insights into a learner-centred WBL approach that contributes towards a more holistic internship/WBL experience that facilitates student interns in developing protean meta-competencies and graduate employability.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate student motivation before and after the summer internship, in other words, to evaluate whether the summer internship affects male and female motivations differently. Design/methodology/approach: Investigating whether the motivation score predicts grade point average was included by adopting a quantitative methodology. The defense engineering summer internship project provides candidates who learned defense engineering knowledge after the project an opportunity to generate motivation of involving in defense engineering discipline and industry. Findings: This study found a marginal significant main effect on extrinsic motivation -- introjected (EMIN) and intrinsic motivation to experience stimulation (IMS) in a summer internship. Furthermore, the study reveals that amotivation construct significantly predicted gender and previous academic performance (GPA) pre-summer internship, and amotivation, Extrinsic motivation -- external regulation (EME) and extrinsic motivation -- introjection (EMIN) significantly predicted GPA post-summer internship. Originality/value: These findings are investigated from the project.

Schools of social work must prepare social workers to meet the demands of the rapidly emerging field of police social work. This article reports on the experiences of a social work program's partnership with a police department. The authors identify an integrative practice model of police social work, specifying social work roles at the baccalaureate and graduate levels, as well as ethical issues. The model is based on the social work competencies and law enforcement best practices. The authors analyze the experiences of placing students directly into law enforcement settings and make recommendations to create successful experiences for students, social workers, and police. The importance of strategic partnerships, communication, trust, and support in building strong relationships is also highlighted.

The purpose of this study was to examine the social validity of five different evidence-based and emerging pathways to employment (i.e., supported employment, customized employment, internships, apprenticeships, and postsecondary education) from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. A Delphi method was used to determine whether stakeholders are in consensus regarding the accessibility, affordability, acceptability, efficacy, and the cost-benefit ratio of these interventions. Findings indicated that all pathways were deemed socially valid via stakeholder consensus except for apprenticeships, which could not be determined as a result of limited stakeholder knowledge and experience with the pathway. Future efforts to improve employment outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) should focus on better training for service providers and increased access to services.

Quasi-internships can have a transformative impact on information systems' capstone courses. Realizing this potential depends on pedagogical design, course delivery, and student engagement. This paper presents a teaching method based on experiential-learning pedagogical design to engage students via quasi-internships to improve career preparedness and team dynamics. This teaching tip provides a procedure for converting typical Harvard Business Cases into more experiential quasi-internships. We provide a 16-week outline of the typical deliverables for six IS career trajectories aligned with the model information systems curriculum. Instructors can customize these procedures to fit their course- and module-level objectives. The assessment of students' feedback provides support for our customized quasi-internship methodology.

Purpose: Firstly, this study diagnosed professional competence amongst Chinese vocational students within a broad range of the manufacturing sectors; then, the authors examined how different types of P-E fit (job, organisation and vocation) and internship quality jointly shape the newly acquired professional competences of interns. Design/methodology/approach: This study utilised the COMET methodology to conduct a large-scale assessment of professional competence amongst 961 graduates from vocational colleges who had successfully completed internships. Participants actively engaged in the data collection process by responding to questionnaires that sought contextual information concurrently. Findings: The majority of students have attained fundamental functional competencies, indicating their fulfillment of basic requirements. However, there is a tendency to overlook the cultivation of shaping competence. Three types of P-E fit and task characteristics are positively correlated with professional competence. The indirect relationship between P-E fit and professional competence mediated by task characteristics was verified through P-V fit and P-J fit except for P-O fit. Overall, the model explains 39.2% of the variance in professional competence. Originality/value: "How to promote professional competence" has been highlighted as an important topic in vocational education. This paper contributes to identify the characteristics of a quality internship program for vocational colleges and firms. These insights are important in considering a student-centred approach, design internships programmes that better fit their own abilities, needs and vocations, avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach to implement internships and thus, enhance students' professional development.

Background: Despite the growing emphasis on research-based teacher education and calls for evidence-informed practice, teachers tend to prefer experiential over scientific knowledge sources to inform their actions, justify decisions and analyse educational problems. This tendency already occurs as early as during initial teacher education, and it is possibly bolstered by school internships where mentors emphasise the value of practical over scientific knowledge. Aims: The present study applied the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to investigate under what conditions pre-service teachers intend to use and prefer scientific sources from educational research. Methods: The study's participants were 343 pre-service teachers in a half-year school internship who indicated their attitudes towards educational research, behavioural control (i.e. self-efficacy), perceived subjective norm, intentions of using research and preference for scientific sources in a survey. Perceived subjective norm was established by measuring whether pre-service teachers believed their mentors considered research-based knowledge. Results: In line with the predictions of the standard TPB model, structural equation modelling confirmed the effects of positive attitudes, self-efficacy and perceived subjective norm on pre-service teachers' intentions of using research. In turn, intentions and self-efficacy predicted preferences for scientific sources but not the use of scientific sources when planning a lesson in the internship. Conclusions: Pre-service teachers' scientific source preferences are shaped not only by personal dispositions but also by the social context of school.

Responding to student concerns about the market value of an undergraduate degree in Political Science, many departments offer students the opportunity to earn credits toward their degree by completing relevant internships. This raises two important questions: what sort of internship experiences should qualify as a Political Science internship and how can faculty ensure that internships contribute to students' professional and academic development? I contend that the criteria for granting Political Science credits for an internship experience should emphasize the likelihood that the internship experience will help the student achieve some of the specific learning objectives that Political Science departments typically set forth for their students rather than focusing on the nature of the organization where they complete their internship. I also argue that designing complementary academic assignments that require students to utilize the research, analytic, and communication skills we expect our students to develop during their undergraduate career is the best way we can ensure that a Political Science internship not only enhances our students' marketability but also contributes to students' achievement of discipline-specific learning objectives.

Virtual mobility has emerged as a new tool for the internationalization of higher education with the advent of information and communication technology in the current scenario. With the outbreak of COVID-19, the landscape of global higher education has altered significantly. In that situation, when physical academic mobility became impossible, the Higher School of Economics, one of the leading universities in Russia, ran a unique digital internship programme for teaching staff from regional universities. In the logic of the digital identity model and push-pull model, the present research has analysed the profiles and motivation letters of 398 teachers from 73 Russian universities which took part in 15 internship programmes since March 2020. The present study fills a gap in the literature by examining how motivation and reasons for participation in virtual mobility may trigger the reduction of inequality in higher education. The findings of the present study revealed that the main reasons highlighted by the teachers for taking part in virtual internship programmes are mostly external and connected with the current tasks imposed by the Ministry of Higher Education and University management. Internal reasons are true mostly for teaching track when teachers are the agents of creating modern pedagogical methods for their courses. Thus, university teaching staff do not feel themselves as the drivers of change. The environment at the higher education level is not ready yet for significant changes.

Purpose: The study aims to examine the moderating influence of perceived co-worker support in the nexus between compulsory citizenship behaviour, job involvement and social loafing amongst university interns. Design/methodology/approach: Four hundred and sixty-two) respondents took part in the study by completing a self-reported questionnaire distributed via online WhatsApp platform. The respondents were selected using multistage sampling technique. The data were processed and analysed using IBM SPSS version 24 and PLS-SEM, respectively. Findings: Results reveal interns' experience of compulsory citizenship behaviour positively influences their social loafing and negatively influences their job involvement. Furthermore, the support received from co-workers' reduces the negative influence of compulsory citizenship behaviour on interns' (1) social loafing and (2) job involvement. Research limitations: The study's main limitations have been identified as the type of organisation in which the internship was completed and the number of years of internship experience. Future research may seek to address this problem by obtaining data from a cohort that is categorised based on the nature of the organisation and duration of the internship. Practical implications: Perceived co-worker support has been found to reduce the negative effects of interns' compulsory citizenship behaviour on their job outcomes. It is recommended that organisations establish a supportive work environment to assist interns. This can be achieved through various means, such as engaging in team-building activities and assigning mentors, among other strategies. Originality/value: One of the first to have examined a model linking compulsory citizenship behaviour, job involvement, social loafing and perceived co-worker support amongst interns in a higher education environment.

In Québec (Canada), vocational training centres hire their teachers based on their occupational skills and knowledge. Often without prior pedagogical training, teachers must complete a bachelor university degree including three or four internships. Conducted in their workplace, novices are then accompanied on-site by an assistant teacher (AT). Untrained for this role, there are little to no measures to support ATs in these additional tasks. Based on the testimonies of 15 ATs, this paper aims to expose the motivating factors and perceived benefits of performing this role, and how this plays an important part in the development of competent action and performance. To extract meaning, a qualitative methodology was used, and semi-inductive logic technics were applied. The results detail the ATs' experience in providing support to interns, as well as enlighten the facilitating and limiting factors to their "competent action using desire to act" theories.

Supervision is recognized as a critical component of preservice training in health service psychology (HSP), particularly during the internship experience. However, little is known empirically about what constitutes effective internship supervision for school psychologists. For this constructivist grounded theory study, we interviewed 16 highly accomplished internship supervisors regarding their approaches to supervision. Data from supervisors' former interns and colleagues were also analyzed. Findings indicated that supervisors' personal and professional selves are central to how they implement supervision within a broader developmental and ecological context. Fundamental aspects of supervision emerged as bidirectional, including establishing and maintaining a strong working alliance, planning the internship experience, and processes of learning for both interns and supervisors. The grounded theory is discussed with reference to the HSP supervision literature, and specific implications are drawn for the practice of and further research on supervision in school psychology.

To prepare citizens for the digital era, the Vietnamese government has issued guidance for higher institutions to play a vital role in cultivating digital skills. However, these institutions face challenges due to limited digital technology capacity, resulting in inadequate skill development. To address this, they collaborate with industries through internships to provide students with opportunities to enhance their digital skills in real work settings. Nonetheless, the strategies that higher institutions have implemented in designing internships for the development of students' digital skills are questionable to the public. Hence, this study aimed to explore the educational strategies implemented by higher education institutions in Vietnam to design internships that enhance learners' digital skills. Using a qualitative approach, primary data was collected through interviews with six policymakers from a higher institution in southern Vietnam, and additional data was gathered from documents related to internship and curriculum designs. Thematic analysis of the data revealed several strategies implemented in internship design, including curriculum design, pre-internship preparation, stakeholder regulations during internships, and evaluation actions. These strategies were identified as major themes for effective internship designs and the development of students' digital skills. The study also suggests various applications for multiple stakeholders and highlights the need for further research in this area.

This research brief uses publicly available data from the 2016/2017 Baccalaureate and Beyond survey to examine individual and institutional predictors of participation in paid and unpaid internships, especially family income. When controlling for other factors, results showed that low-income students were more likely to have unpaid internships than high-income students. Attending a highly selective institution was the strongest predictor of participating in a paid internship. Results inspire questions about the accessibility of paid internships, especially for students in non-STEM majors and other students from marginalized groups.

This study aims to analyze the impact of intern physicians' social interaction during teamwork, their cognitive flexibility and academic achievement on clinical reasoning. The study, designed through sequential exploratory mixed method, was carried out with 20 intern physicians working in 4 teams. The process of how they approach to the case was recorded. The verbal interactions made during the discussions in the teams were analyzed, the discourses obtained from the videos were coded and modelled by regression. In addition, the cognitive flexibility and academic achievement levels of intern physicians were also included in the regression modelling. The results showed that, according to the initial signs and symptoms of the first period of the case (when uncertainty was high), the team members informing each other resulted in success in clinical reasoning. Although guiding in the first period was not very effective, excessive guiding in the second period played a negative role in clinical reasoning. In the second period, ignoring, reminding, and suggesting had a negative impact on clinical reasoning. Our study demonstrated that academic achievement and cognitive flexibility levels of the students in teamwork has a positive impact on the quality of clinical reasoning. Moreover, for effective clinical reasoning, the quality of discourses in the team is more important than how many discourses are created during the discussions.

The paper presents an evaluation of History and Korean Studies WIL internships at Monash University Library, focusing on past students' views of the program in relation to their future career, and past host-supervisors' perceptions of its benefits. Data collection for the qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with past students and host-supervisors. The results revealed that both past students and host-supervisors expected the internships to facilitate students to gain hands-on experiences and develop 'soft-skills.' There was a gap where past host-supervisors consistently mentioned teamwork in their expectations, yet none of the past students had teamwork as one of their expectations. Both past students and host-supervisors view the program as beneficial for students, therefore, they suggested that the programs continue to be offered. Upon being asked what the benefits of internships were for themselves however, the host-supervisors put forward benefits that were more related to the library.

The notion of compensation generates criticism, especially in the U.S. around unpaid internships in particular -- the country's principal form of work-integrated learning (WIL). The distinction between unpaid and paid internships remains understudied and therefore, serves as the primary motivator to compare students' perceptions of unpaid and paid WIL experiences, using a large U.S. data set. The purpose of this study is to compare interns' perceptions of unpaid and paid experiences to gain a better understanding of how these experiences frame interns' supervisory support interactions, perceptions of advancement opportunities, career confirmation, and conversion intentions. The study is U.S. centric, surveying students who had recently completed their internships. Results indicated that regardless of pay (i.e., paid vs. unpaid), interns had similar expectations regarding supervisory support, career confirmation, and conversion intentions. Hence, confirming that both unpaid and paid internships provide a strong platform for students to obtain the support they need to launch their future careers.

Experiential learning opportunities (Kolb, 1984; Simons et al., 2012), such as internships, provide valuable real-world learning experiences for undergraduate students. Internships are especially important for students majoring or specialising in writing, who can gain valuable workplace experience and build portfolio pieces from working for a company or organisation. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social distancing measures forced internship experiences to shift to remote and hybrid opportunities. In this article, four faculty from three universities in the United States detail the ways that they pivoted their undergraduate writing internship programs to adapt to public health requirements and changing student needs between 2020-2022. We provide information on creating remote and hybrid internship opportunities and courses, building internship program infrastructure, integrating technology and project management tools into student internship experiences, securing funding for otherwise unpaid internships, and supporting students during their internship programmes. The article concludes with future directions in writing student internships and other pre-professional experiences, as well as additional resources for internship coordinators.

The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused many adaptations to preservice teacher preparation, especially supporting completion of field-based internship experiences. This mixed methods research project utilized surveys to analyze the impact of virtual settings on (1) intern (n=14) and mentor teacher (n=5) experiences and relationships; and (2) the use of instructional technology, specifically Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). Key findings indicated (1) reversals of traditional mentor/intern relationships; and (2) the role of technology as the foundation of instructional decision-making, resulting in challenges when adapting pedagogies of classroom management, assessment, and differentiation to virtual settings.

Out-of-school time (OST) programs that work with historically marginalized youth, employ staff that match the demographics of participants, and are well connected to mental health resources are uniquely positioned to support participants to recognize the risks and assets linked to their mental health and well-being. Such programs can simultaneously address career readiness, exposing youth to mental health professionals and career pathways and thereby nurturing the future bilingual-bicultural mental health workforce. This article evaluates the Latino Service Providers (LSP) Youth Promotor Internship program, which was launched in response to the steady increase of the Latinx population in Sonoma County and an attendant concern for ongoing mental health disparities.

Cooperative education (co-op) programs combine coursework and work internships and have become popular worldwide. Using over 45,000 performance evaluations collected separately for in-person (2019) and remote (2021) internship positions, this study uncovered the characteristics of successful co-op students. Each evaluation included an overall performance rating and written comments and recommendations provided by the supervisor. By using logistic regression and word frequency counting to analyze supervisors' general and recommendation comments, the most successful students were found to be excellent leaders and innovators, with remote students also being praised for their independence. Remote students were encouraged to be innovative and learn technological skills, while in-person students should improve oral communication and presentation abilities. These findings highlight important skills that students should acquire in their early careers.

This article describes students' experiences of different activities arranged by a Swedish university in connection with their internship. The article presents two approaches for conducting seminars while students are on an internship. One student group attends formal, structured seminars while the other group attends seminars in the form of focus groups called huddles, where the theme of conversations is carefully selected and has its origins in students' narratives on their authentic experiences during the internship. The more 'traditional' formal seminars are perceived by the students as scattered, while the conversational approach based on personal experiences helps students to develop a professional identity. Conversational focus groups were perceived as the pedagogical measure that contributes most to students' development. This research emphasized the deep learning afforded students and the insights emerging from the conversations. The organic nature of the conversations enabled development in both intended and unintended learning outcomes.

This article discusses the characteristics of a donor-funded internship program for undergraduate students interested in reproductive rights, health, and justice at Tulane University's Newcomb Institute. It describes the results of a preliminary study of this program's outcomes and makes recommendations for program improvements. This article will also argue that this program, despite its unique challenges, provides a model for other colleges and universities that are interested in developing equitable community partnerships and cultivating a social justice mindset in students. This study indicates that the program has been successful at developing young leaders in a social justice movement, serving underrepresented student groups, building trust with community partners, and creating opportunities for multiple collaborations with those partners.

The Cybersecurity Ambassador Program provides professional skills training for emerging cybersecurity professionals remotely. The goal is to reach out to underrepresented populations who may use Federal Work-Study (FWS) or grant sponsored internships to participate. Cybersecurity Ambassadors (CAs) develop skills that will serve them well as cybersecurity workers prepared to do research, lead multidisciplinary, technical teams, and educate stakeholders and community members. CAP also reinforces leadership skills so that the next generation of cybersecurity professionals becomes a sustainable source of management talent for the program and profession. The remote curriculum innovatively builds non-technical professional skills (communications, teamwork, leadership) for cybersecurity research through student-led applied research and creating community-focused workshops. These student-produced workshops are in phishing, identity and privacy cyber safety, social media safety, and everyday home cyber safety. The CAs tailor the program to a particularly vulnerable population such as older adults, students, veterans, or similar people that make up most workshop participants. At this time, the data shows that this pedagogical approach to curriculum development, grounded in the Ground Truth Expertise Development Model (GTEDM), is a unique methodology. This curriculum teaches cybersecurity interns with key non-technical but critical KSAs for cybersecurity professional development has proved to be a factor in accelerated hiring for program participants.

Enormous distractions brought by deadly COVID-19 pandemic in higher education left no excuse for internship activities. Hence, tradition/offline internship has been postponed or rescinded and a massive online/virtual shift of internships has been observed in lieu. The present case study employed qualitative research approach to solicit information from two (n = 2) internship organizers for international students of a selected university in China. The university continued to implement offline internship as intended right on time in spite of strict curb measures to contain COVID-19. The study revealed; pre-internship briefing, effective communication with receiver institutions, as well as obedience to new normal pandemic prevention measures were the main reasons facilitated on time and offline internship. Simultaneously, difference in educational experiences, language barriers and some movement restrictions within the school were uncovered challenges for interns as international students. Provision of pre-internship briefing, psychological support and counsel, and follow up of rules and procedures were emphasized as recommendations for improving internship experience and in case of upcoming pandemic crises.